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When asked to name the biggest medical advancement of the 20th century there was no hesitation in the reply of Dr. Meyer Friedman of the University of California, San Francisco. “It’s DNA. No question at all,” he said. Dr. Friedman joins a majority of medical researchers who claim that DNA and our new understanding of the human genes’ role in triggering diseases such as cancer has revolutionized the way scientists think about new therapies. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is the master substance of life, carrying all inherited traits and directing the activity of each cell. The discovery of the rope-ladder structure of DNA was made in 1953 by James Watson of the U.S.A., and Francis Crick of Great Britain. They found that each rung of the ladder is a unit of genetic code, which together contain all the construction plans of life. A complex molecule that consists of two spiral chains of molecules contain the genetic information for the reproduction of the species and are found in the body cells of all living organisms, including most viruses. They also contain the pattern or instructions for the formation of proteins, enzymes, and other structural and functional units of life. Scientists believe that the many things accomplished by our bare 50 years of research reveal to us only the tip of the DNA iceberg. “The harnessing of genes at the end of the 1900s,” said Dr. Friedman, “is likely going to pay off in powerful new ways to control human ills in the 21st century.” |
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